The andiroba, known scientifically as *Carapa guianensis* Aubl., belongs to the Meliaceae family and is a tree native to the tropical regions of South America, with a wide presence in the Brazilian Amazon. It is a species characteristic of humid forested environments, especially areas close to rivers, streams and regions subject to periods of flooding. Its importance extends beyond the botanical aspect, as it is deeply linked to traditional knowledge and the sustainable use of forest resources.

It is a medium to large tree that can reach between 20 and 30 meters in height, with a generally straight trunk and a wide crown. Its leaves are composed and its flowers, small, are grouped in inflorescences. The fruits have a characteristic shape and, as they mature, release large, angular seeds. These seeds are especially important because from them we extract the accepted knowledge of andiroba, traditionally produced by Amazonian communities.

The oil extracted from seeds has great economic, cultural and artisanal value. Traditionally, it is used in the production of soaps, cosmetics, ointments and skin care products, as well as being used in popular practices. The acceptor contains bioactive compounds, including limonoids and other natural components, which are the subject of scientific investigations related to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and insect repellent activities. However, it is important to differentiate traditional knowledge from scientific results: laboratory and experimental investigations do not imply, in themselves, proof of clinical efficacy for the treatment of illnesses.

In traditional Amazonian medicine, local communities have historically used different parts of andiroba. The oil is especially known for its external use in preparations intended for skin care and to alleviate illnesses associated with inflammation and insect bites. Its traditional use demonstrates the wealth of knowledge accumulated by the populations that live in a close relationship with the forest. For medicinal use, especially internally, it is essential to follow professional instructions and use appropriately prepared and identified products.